Colonic stem cells are specialized cells located in the lining of the colon, responsible for the regeneration and maintenance of the intestinal epithelium. These cells can differentiate into various cell types, including enterocytes, goblet cells, and enteroendocrine cells, which are essential for digestion and nutrient absorption. Research on colonic stem cells is crucial for understanding diseases like colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. By studying these stem cells, scientists aim to develop new therapies and improve treatments for conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract.