Collision avoidance refers to the techniques and systems designed to prevent accidents between moving objects, such as vehicles, aircraft, or ships. These systems use various technologies, including sensors, cameras, and radar, to detect potential obstacles and calculate safe paths. By providing warnings or automatically adjusting speed and direction, collision avoidance helps enhance safety and reduce the risk of crashes. In the automotive industry, many modern cars are equipped with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) that include collision avoidance features. These systems can alert drivers to imminent dangers and, in some cases, take control of the vehicle to prevent a collision. This technology is crucial for improving road safety and reducing fatalities.