Collateral ligaments are strong bands of tissue located on either side of a joint, providing stability and support. They help prevent excessive movement in the joint, ensuring that it functions properly during activities like walking, running, and jumping. In the human body, there are two main types of collateral ligaments: the medial collateral ligament (MCL) on the inner side of the knee and the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) on the outer side. These ligaments play a crucial role in maintaining joint integrity and protecting against injuries, especially during sports and physical activities.