Cognitive maps are mental representations that help individuals understand and navigate their environment. They allow people to visualize spatial relationships and organize information about places, objects, and routes. Cognitive maps can be formed through personal experiences or learned information, enabling better decision-making and problem-solving. These maps are not limited to physical spaces; they can also represent abstract concepts and relationships. For example, a student might create a cognitive map to connect ideas in a subject like biology. This ability to mentally organize information is crucial for learning and adapting to new situations.