Cognitive functioning refers to the mental processes that allow individuals to acquire knowledge and understand their surroundings. This includes abilities such as memory, attention, problem-solving, and decision-making. These functions enable people to learn, reason, and communicate effectively. Various factors can influence cognitive functioning, including age, education, and overall health. Engaging in activities like reading, puzzles, and social interactions can help maintain and improve cognitive abilities. Additionally, conditions such as dementia or traumatic brain injury can negatively impact cognitive functioning, affecting daily life and independence.