CoffeeScript is a programming language that compiles into JavaScript. It was designed to make writing JavaScript easier and more enjoyable by providing a cleaner syntax and reducing the amount of code needed for common tasks. This allows developers to write more readable and maintainable code. One of the key features of CoffeeScript is its use of indentation to define code blocks, similar to Python. It also includes features like list comprehensions and destructuring assignment, which help streamline coding. Overall, CoffeeScript aims to enhance productivity for developers working with JavaScript.