Coffee cultivation involves growing coffee plants, primarily the species Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora (commonly known as Robusta). These plants thrive in tropical climates, requiring specific conditions such as rich soil, adequate rainfall, and shade. Farmers typically plant coffee seeds in nurseries before transferring them to fields, where they can take several years to mature and produce cherries. Once the cherries are ripe, they are harvested, usually by hand or machine. The beans are then extracted from the cherries, fermented, and dried before being roasted. This process transforms the raw beans into the coffee we enjoy, highlighting the importance of careful cultivation and processing in producing quality coffee.