The Cluniac Reforms were a series of changes initiated in the 10th century to improve monastic life in Europe, particularly at the Cluny Abbey in France. These reforms aimed to restore the original spiritual ideals of monasticism, emphasizing prayer, community life, and independence from secular influence. The movement spread rapidly, leading to the establishment of numerous Cluniac monasteries across Europe. These monasteries became centers of learning and culture, promoting the arts and education while also reinforcing the authority of the Pope and the Catholic Church in the face of local feudal powers.