Clostridium difficile, often referred to as C. difficile, is a type of bacteria that can cause inflammation of the colon, known as colitis. It typically occurs after the use of antibiotics, which disrupt the normal balance of bacteria in the gut. Symptoms include severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever. The infection is highly contagious and can spread in healthcare settings, such as hospitals and nursing homes. Treatment usually involves specific antibiotics to target the bacteria, and in some cases, a fecal microbiota transplant may be considered to restore healthy gut bacteria.