The American Civil War took place from 1861 to 1865, primarily between the northern states, known as the Union, and the southern states, known as the Confederacy. The war was largely fought over issues such as slavery, states' rights, and economic differences. It resulted in significant loss of life and major changes in the United States. Key events include the Battle of Gettysburg, the Emancipation Proclamation, and the surrender of General Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Court House. The war ended with the defeat of the Confederacy, leading to the abolition of slavery and the beginning of the Reconstruction Era.