Chromosome 12 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes found in humans. It is composed of about 133 million base pairs and contains approximately 1,300 genes. These genes are responsible for various functions, including the production of proteins that play crucial roles in the body. This chromosome is also linked to several genetic conditions and diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and certain types of cancer. Research on chromosome 12 helps scientists understand its role in health and disease, contributing to advancements in genetic testing and personalized medicine.