Chromolithography is a printing process that uses multiple colors to create detailed images. It involves applying different colored inks to a single image, layer by layer, using separate lithographic stones or plates for each color. This technique allows for vibrant and intricate designs, making it popular for posters, illustrations, and fine art prints in the 19th century. The process begins with an artist creating a design on a flat stone or metal plate. Each color is then transferred separately, requiring precise alignment to ensure the final image is cohesive. Chromolithography revolutionized the way images were reproduced, making art more accessible to the public.