Christmas Island is an Australian territory located in the Indian Ocean, about 2,600 kilometers northwest of Perth. It covers an area of approximately 135 square kilometers and is known for its unique biodiversity, including the famous red crab migration. The island was discovered on Christmas Day in 1643, which is how it got its name. The population of Christmas Island is around 2,000 residents, primarily of Chinese and Malay descent. The island's economy relies on phosphate mining, tourism, and fishing. Christmas Island National Park protects much of the island's natural environment, making it a popular destination for nature enthusiasts and researchers.