Chrétien de Troyes was a French poet and writer from the 12th century, known for his contributions to the genre of medieval romance. He is often credited with popularizing the Arthurian legends in literature, particularly through his works that feature King Arthur, Queen Guinevere, and the Knights of the Round Table. His most famous works include "Erec and Enide," "Cligès," and "Lancelot, or The Knight of the Cart." These stories explore themes of love, chivalry, and adventure, influencing later writers and shaping the narrative of Arthurian literature in Europe.