The Chechen Wars refer to two conflicts fought between the Russian Federation and the separatist region of Chechnya. The first war began in 1994 and lasted until 1996, resulting in significant destruction and loss of life, ultimately leading to a de facto independence for Chechnya. The second war started in 1999 and was marked by a more aggressive Russian military response. By 2009, Russia had regained control over Chechnya, but the region has since experienced ongoing violence and unrest, with various militant groups continuing to operate.