Chat protocols are standardized methods that allow different computer systems to communicate with each other in real-time. They define the rules and formats for exchanging messages, ensuring that users can send and receive information seamlessly across various platforms. Examples of chat protocols include XMPP (Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol) and IRC (Internet Relay Chat). These protocols enable features like text messaging, file sharing, and presence information, which shows whether a user is online or offline. By using chat protocols, developers can create applications that work together, allowing users to connect regardless of the software or device they are using.