The Charpy test is a standardized method used to measure the toughness of materials, particularly metals. It involves striking a notched specimen with a swinging pendulum and measuring the energy absorbed during fracture. This test helps determine how materials behave under sudden impacts, which is crucial for applications in construction and manufacturing. The results of the Charpy test are often expressed in joules, indicating the material's ability to withstand impact without breaking. Engineers and material scientists use this information to select appropriate materials for various applications, ensuring safety and reliability in structures and products.