Charge carriers are particles that carry electric charge in a material. In conductors, such as metals, the primary charge carriers are electrons, which move freely and allow electricity to flow. In semiconductors, both electrons and holes (the absence of an electron) act as charge carriers, enabling controlled conductivity. In ionic materials, like saltwater, charge carriers are ions, which are charged atoms or molecules. When an electric field is applied, these ions move towards the oppositely charged electrode, facilitating the flow of electric current. Understanding charge carriers is essential for designing electronic devices and improving energy efficiency.