Chanson de Roland is an epic poem from the 11th century, considered one of the oldest and most significant works of French literature. It tells the story of Roland, a knight and the nephew of Charlemagne, who bravely defends the rear guard of the Frankish army during a battle against the Saracens in Spain. The poem highlights themes of heroism, loyalty, and sacrifice. The narrative is set during the time of the Carolingian Empire and reflects the values of chivalry and feudalism. Roland's tragic fate, along with his loyal companion Oliver, emphasizes the importance of honor and duty. The poem has influenced many later works and remains a key text in the study of medieval literature.