The Chalcolithic Period, also known as the Copper Age, occurred between the Neolithic and Bronze Ages, roughly from 4500 to 3500 BCE. This era is characterized by the first use of copper tools alongside stone tools, marking a significant technological advancement. Societies began to develop more complex social structures and engage in early forms of trade. During the Chalcolithic, people lived in settled communities and practiced agriculture, cultivating crops like wheat and barley. Notable archaeological sites from this period include Çatalhöyük in modern-day Turkey and Göbekli Tepe, which provide insights into early human civilization and religious practices.