Laboratory methods refer to the techniques and procedures used in scientific research and experiments to analyze samples and gather data. These methods can include microscopy, spectroscopy, and chromatography, which help scientists observe and measure physical and chemical properties of substances. In addition to these techniques, laboratory methods often involve the use of reagents and equipment such as pipettes, centrifuges, and incubators to facilitate experiments. Proper laboratory methods ensure accuracy, reliability, and safety in scientific investigations, allowing researchers to draw valid conclusions from their work.