The Central Powers were a coalition of countries that fought against the Allies during World War I. This group mainly included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria. They formed in response to rising tensions in Europe and aimed to expand their territories and influence. The Central Powers faced significant challenges, including military defeats and economic hardships. Their alliance ultimately crumbled after the war, leading to the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, which imposed heavy penalties on Germany and reshaped the political landscape of Europe.