Caverns are large underground spaces formed by natural processes, often through the erosion of rock by water. They can be found in various geological settings, typically in limestone, where acidic water dissolves the rock over time, creating expansive chambers and passageways. These natural formations can host unique ecosystems and are often home to various species, including bats and cave-dwelling insects. Famous examples of caverns include the Carlsbad Caverns in New Mexico and the Luray Caverns in Virginia, which attract visitors for their stunning stalactites and stalagmites, formed by mineral deposits over thousands of years.