Causal models are frameworks used to understand and represent the relationships between different variables. They help identify how one variable influences another, allowing researchers to predict outcomes based on changes in specific factors. These models are commonly used in fields like economics, epidemiology, and social sciences. In a causal model, variables are often depicted as nodes in a diagram, with arrows indicating the direction of influence. This visual representation helps clarify complex interactions and can guide decision-making by highlighting potential effects of interventions. Causal models are essential for establishing cause-and-effect relationships rather than mere correlations.