Catalytic processes involve the use of a substance called a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. Catalysts work by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction, allowing it to occur more quickly and efficiently. These processes are essential in various industries, including petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and environmental science. In addition to increasing reaction rates, catalytic processes can also improve selectivity, meaning they can help produce specific products while minimizing unwanted byproducts. This is particularly important in green chemistry, where the goal is to create more sustainable and environmentally friendly chemical processes.