Casting processes are manufacturing techniques used to create objects by pouring liquid material into a mold. Once the material cools and solidifies, it takes the shape of the mold, allowing for complex designs and shapes. Common materials used in casting include metals, plastics, and ceramics. There are various types of casting processes, such as sand casting, die casting, and investment casting. Each method has its advantages and is chosen based on factors like the desired finish, production volume, and material properties. These processes are widely used in industries like automotive, aerospace, and art.