Carya illinoinensis, commonly known as the pecan tree, is a large deciduous tree native to the southern United States and northern Mexico. It can grow up to 100 feet tall and is known for its attractive, compound leaves and smooth, gray bark. The tree produces edible nuts that are rich in flavor and nutrients, making them popular in various culinary dishes. The pecan nuts mature in the fall and are encased in a hard shell. Carya illinoinensis thrives in well-drained soils and prefers full sun. It is also valued for its wood, which is used in furniture and cabinetry, contributing to its economic importance.