Carlos Manuel de Céspedes was a Cuban revolutionary leader and a key figure in the fight for Cuba's independence from Spanish colonial rule. Born on April 18, 1819, he is best known for initiating the Ten Years' War in 1868 by declaring Cuba's independence and freeing his slaves. His actions inspired many others to join the struggle for freedom. Céspedes served as the first president of the Cuban Republic in Arms during the war. Despite facing numerous challenges, including military defeats and political divisions, he remained committed to the cause of Cuban independence until his death on February 27, 1874.