Carl Auer von Welsbach was an Austrian chemist and inventor, born on September 1, 1858. He is best known for his work in the field of rare earth elements and for developing the Welsbach mantle, which improved gas lighting. His innovations significantly advanced lighting technology in the late 19th century. In addition to his contributions to lighting, Auer von Welsbach also discovered several new elements, including neodymium and praseodymium. His research laid the groundwork for future developments in materials science and chemistry, making him a notable figure in the scientific community of his time.