Cardiac defects, also known as congenital heart defects, are structural problems with the heart that are present at birth. These defects can affect the heart's walls, valves, or blood vessels, leading to issues with blood flow. Some common types include ventricular septal defect and atrial septal defect, which involve holes in the heart's walls. Symptoms of cardiac defects can vary widely, ranging from mild to severe. Some individuals may experience difficulty breathing, fatigue, or poor growth, while others may have no noticeable symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing these conditions and improving quality of life.