Structural heart defects are abnormalities in the heart's structure that are present at birth. These defects can affect the heart's walls, valves, or blood vessels, leading to issues with blood flow. Common types include ventricular septal defects, where there is a hole between the heart's lower chambers, and atrial septal defects, which involve a hole between the upper chambers. These conditions can vary in severity, with some requiring no treatment and others needing surgery or other interventions. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for improving outcomes and ensuring that individuals with structural heart defects can lead healthy lives.