Carbonization is the process of converting organic materials, such as wood or biomass, into carbon-rich substances through the application of heat in the absence of oxygen. This method is commonly used to produce charcoal, which has various applications, including fuel and soil enhancement. The absence of oxygen prevents combustion, allowing the material to decompose and transform into carbon. During carbonization, the organic material undergoes chemical changes, releasing volatile compounds and leaving behind a solid carbon structure. This process is significant in industries like energy production and environmental management, as it helps in reducing waste and creating sustainable resources.