Carbon-based compounds are organic molecules primarily composed of carbon atoms, often bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other elements. These compounds form the backbone of life on Earth, as they make up essential biological molecules like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. The versatility of carbon allows it to create a vast array of structures, from simple molecules to complex macromolecules. The study of carbon-based compounds is fundamental in fields such as biochemistry, organic chemistry, and environmental science. Understanding these compounds helps scientists explore processes like photosynthesis, where plants convert carbon dioxide into organic matter, and the role of carbon in climate change.