The capitals of U.S. states are the cities where each state's government is located. For example, Sacramento is the capital of California, while Austin serves as the capital for Texas. These cities often host important government buildings, such as the state capitol, where lawmakers meet to create and pass laws. Each state has its own unique capital, reflecting its history and culture. Some capitals, like Boston in Massachusetts, are well-known for their historical significance, while others, like Phoenix in Arizona, are recognized for their rapid growth and modern amenities. Understanding these capitals helps us appreciate the diversity of the United States.