The Cantor set is a unique mathematical construct created by removing the middle third of a line segment repeatedly. Starting with the interval from 0 to 1, the first step removes the segment from 1/3 to 2/3, leaving two segments: [0, 1/3] and [2/3, 1]. This process continues infinitely, removing the middle third of each remaining segment. Despite removing many points, the Cantor set contains an uncountably infinite number of points. It is a classic example in set theory and illustrates concepts like infinity and measure theory, showing that a set can be both uncountably infinite and have a total length of zero.