Canis lupus, commonly known as the gray wolf, is a large canine species native to North America, Europe, and Asia. They are social animals that live in packs, which typically consist of a family unit. Gray wolves are known for their keen senses, particularly their sense of smell, which helps them hunt for prey such as deer and elk. These wolves play a crucial role in their ecosystems as apex predators, helping to maintain the balance of animal populations. Their fur can vary in color, ranging from gray to brown, black, and even white, depending on their habitat and region.