Canis familiaris, commonly known as the dog, is a domesticated mammal and a member of the Canidae family. Dogs are descendants of wolves and have been bred for thousands of years for various traits, resulting in a wide range of breeds with different sizes, shapes, and temperaments. They are known for their loyalty and companionship, making them popular pets around the world. Dogs are social animals that thrive on interaction with humans and other animals. They possess a keen sense of smell and hearing, which makes them valuable in various roles, including service animals, search and rescue, and therapy animals. Their ability to learn commands and perform tasks has made them essential partners in many human activities.