Canis familiaris, commonly known as the domestic dog, is a subspecies of the gray wolf and a member of the family Canidae. Dogs have been domesticated for thousands of years and are known for their loyalty and companionship. They come in various breeds, each with unique characteristics, sizes, and temperaments, making them suitable for different roles, such as pets, working animals, and service dogs. Dogs are highly social animals that thrive on interaction with humans and other animals. They possess a keen sense of smell and hearing, which makes them valuable in various fields, including search and rescue, law enforcement, and therapy. Their ability to learn commands and perform tasks has solidified their role as "man's best friend."