Cangaço was a social movement in Brazil during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, characterized by banditry in the arid northeastern region. The cangaceiros, or bandits, often fought against the oppressive landowners and government authorities, seeking to defend the marginalized rural population. They were known for their distinctive clothing and weapons, and their activities were marked by violence and resistance. The most famous cangaceiro was Lampião, who became a legendary figure in Brazilian folklore. Cangaço has left a lasting cultural impact, inspiring literature, music, and films that explore themes of justice, rebellion, and the struggles of the poor in Brazil's sertão.