Canal design involves the planning and construction of artificial waterways to facilitate navigation, irrigation, or drainage. Key factors in canal design include the canal's width, depth, and slope, which must accommodate the types of vessels or water flow intended for use. Engineers also consider environmental impacts and the surrounding landscape to ensure sustainability. Effective canal design often incorporates features like locks and weirs to manage water levels and flow rates. Historical examples include the Panama Canal and the Suez Canal, which demonstrate the importance of strategic design in connecting major bodies of water and enhancing trade routes.