Canadian history began with the arrival of Indigenous peoples thousands of years ago, who developed diverse cultures and societies across the land. European exploration began in the late 15th century, with figures like John Cabot and Jacques Cartier claiming territories for France and England. In 1867, Canada became a self-governing dominion within the British Empire through the Confederation, uniting Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. Over the years, Canada expanded westward, incorporating new provinces and territories, and became known for its multiculturalism and commitment to peace and diplomacy on the global stage.