Canada's Confederation refers to the process that united the British North American colonies into a single country, known as Canada, on July 1, 1867. Initially, four provinces—Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia—joined together under the British North America Act. This act established a federal government while allowing provinces to maintain control over local matters. The Confederation aimed to improve governance, promote economic growth, and enhance defense against potential threats, particularly from the United States. Over time, more provinces and territories joined, expanding Canada into the vast nation it is today, with a diverse population and rich cultural heritage.