A camshaft is a crucial component in an internal combustion engine. It controls the timing and movement of the engine's valves, which allow air and fuel to enter the combustion chamber and exhaust gases to exit. The camshaft rotates, pushing against lifters or pushrods to open and close the valves at precise intervals, ensuring efficient engine performance. Camshafts can be found in various configurations, such as overhead camshafts (OHC) and cam-in-block designs. The design and timing of a camshaft significantly affect an engine's power, efficiency, and emissions. Proper maintenance of the camshaft is essential for optimal engine operation.