California's history began with the arrival of Native American tribes, such as the Chumash and Miwok, who lived off the land for thousands of years. European exploration began in the 16th century, with Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo being the first European to set foot on the coast in 1542. The area became part of Spanish California and later, after Mexico's independence, was known as Mexican California. In 1848, the discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill sparked the California Gold Rush, attracting thousands of settlers. California became the 31st state of the United States in 1850. Over the years, it has grown into a diverse and economically powerful state, known for its technology, entertainment, and agriculture.