California's history began with the arrival of Native American tribes, such as the Chumash and Miwok, who lived in the region for thousands of years. European exploration started in the 16th century, with Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo being the first European to set foot on the California coast in 1542. The area became part of Spanish California and later, in 1821, it was included in Mexico after gaining independence from Spain. In 1848, the discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill sparked the California Gold Rush, attracting thousands of settlers and prospectors. California became the 31st state of the United States in 1850. Over the years, it has grown into a diverse and influential state, known for its cultural, economic, and technological contributions.