Cadmium exposure occurs when individuals come into contact with cadmium, a toxic metal found in industrial workplaces, batteries, and some fertilizers. It can enter the body through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact, leading to various health issues, particularly affecting the kidneys and lungs. Long-term exposure to cadmium can result in serious health problems, including lung cancer, bone disease, and kidney damage. People living near industrial sites or those who smoke cigarettes may be at higher risk due to the presence of cadmium in tobacco. Reducing exposure is crucial for maintaining health and safety.