C. botulinum is a type of bacteria that produces a potent toxin known as botulinum toxin. This toxin can cause a serious illness called botulism, which affects the nervous system and can lead to paralysis. The bacteria are commonly found in soil and can thrive in low-oxygen environments, such as improperly canned foods. Botulism can occur in several forms, including foodborne, wound, and infant botulism. Symptoms may include muscle weakness, difficulty swallowing, and respiratory issues. Proper food preservation techniques and hygiene practices are essential to prevent the growth of C. botulinum and the production of its harmful toxin.