C Programming is a high-level programming language developed in the early 1970s by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs. It is widely used for system programming, developing operating systems, and creating applications due to its efficiency and control over system resources. The language is known for its simplicity and flexibility, allowing programmers to write code that can run on various hardware platforms. C supports structured programming and provides features like functions, data types, and control structures, making it a foundational language for many other programming languages, including C++ and Java.