The "Cádiz Cortes" refers to the assembly of representatives that convened in the city of Cádiz, Spain, during the early 19th century. This assembly was significant for drafting the Spanish Constitution of 1812, which aimed to establish a constitutional monarchy and promote liberal reforms in Spain. The Cortes met during the Peninsular War, a time of political upheaval and foreign invasion. The 1812 Constitution, known as "La Pepa," was one of the first liberal constitutions in Europe. It emphasized principles such as popular sovereignty, civil liberties, and the separation of powers. The Cádiz Cortes played a crucial role in shaping modern Spanish governance and inspired future democratic movements in Spain and Latin America.