Byzantine history refers to the period of the Byzantine Empire, which emerged from the eastern part of the Roman Empire after its division in the late 4th century. Centered in its capital, Constantinople, the empire was known for its rich culture, art, and architecture, including the famous Hagia Sophia. The Byzantine Empire played a crucial role in preserving ancient Greek and Roman knowledge during the Middle Ages. The empire lasted for over a thousand years, facing numerous challenges such as invasions, internal strife, and the rise of Islamic empires. It reached its peak under the rule of Justinian I in the 6th century, who sought to reconquer lost territories and codified Roman law. The Byzantine Empire ultimately fell